Page 20 - EVALUATION ENGLISH

Evaluation Reforms

l Promote use of focused learning and resource centers with expanded access to facilities,
materials, and learning resources.

The Learning Outcome Based Education (LOBE) model put forward by Spadys (1988) emphasizes
on the importance of Program Learning Outcomes (PLOs) that serves as a critical factor to design
curriculum and steer direction of all levels of outcome, i.e. course outcomes, unit outcomes, and
lesson outcomes. Learning Outcome Based Education approach, helps to focus on utilization
of appropriate instruction and pedagogy, helps organize teaching and learning processes around
career advancement and placement of students, helps in selection and design of appropriate
assessment modes and that programmes are awarded based on demonstrated achievement of
outcomes. The core philosophy of Learning Outcome Based Education rests in adhering to
student-centric learning approach used to measure student’s performance based on pre-determined
set of outcomes. Among others, of significant advantage of Learning Outcome Based Education
is in bringing out reforms in curriculum framework that has to be outcome based; constant up
gradation of academic resources; raising quality of research and teaching; technology integration
in the teaching-learning processes; bringing out clarity among students as to what is expected from
them after completion of the programme and for teachers in bringing focus on what to teach, how
to teach and evaluate.

Since, Program Learning Outcomes provide direction in curriculum design, instruction/delivery and
conduct of assessment, its measurement can be done through identification of related Competencies
and Performance Indicators (PI). Identification of Competencies for each Program Learning
Outcome is essential as it helps to understand what students should achieve. For each Competency,
Performance Indicators (PI) have to be defined which are statement of expectations of students
learning. It acts as tools of assessment and provides clarity of the extent of attainment of outcomes.
The strategy and plan of assessment thus, need to be mapped to the Performance Indicators which
are an attempt to achieve both Course Learning Outcomes and Program Learning Outcomes.
However, it is imperative for institutions to set the Program Education Objectives, Program Learning
Outcomes, Course
Learning Outcomes,
Competencies and
Indicators consistent
with its Vision and
Mission statements.
The Program
Education Objectives
and the Program
Learning Outcomes
should be driven by
the mission of the
institution and should
provide distinctive
paths to achieve
the stated goals.
For instance, each
discipline /domain
along with core and
elective courses should Figure-3 : Vision, Mission and Outcomes
work towards solving

18 Evaluation Reforms in Higher Educational Institutions