Page 119 - Academic and Research Book_WEB

It currently indexes over 220 million publications, 88 million of which are journal articles. The
Academic Knowledge API (Application Programming Interfaces) offers information retrieval from the
underlying databases. Microsoft Academic is the second largest overall database covering 60 per cent
of all citations, including 82 per cent of Scopus citations and 86 per cent of Web of Science citations.
Microsoft Academic is fully integrated with its search engine Bing of Microsoft Windows.

CiteSeer X

CiteSeer (originally called CiteSeer) is a public search engine and digital library for scientific
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and academic papers, primarily in the fields of computer and information. CiteSeer is considered
a predecessor of academic search tools such as Google Scholar and Microsoft Academic. CiteSeer
usually searches and archives only documents from publicly available websites and does not crawl
publisher websites. For this reason, authors whose documents are freely available are more likely to be
represented in the index.

This search engine is developed and hosted by the College of Information Sciences and Technology, in
the Pennsylvania State University (PSU), with support from the U.S. National Science Foundation. The
earlier version of the search engine, known as CiteSeer, was developed in 1997 at the NEC Research
Institute, United States. CiteSeer was the first digital library and search engine to provide automated
citation indexing and citation linking. Later, a new architecture and data model was developed for the
Next Generation CiteSeer, or CiteSeer , in order to meet exponential growth of scholarly literature in
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early years of the 21st century.

WorldWideScience (WWS)

WWS is a global academic search engine, providing access to national and international
scientific databases from across the globe. It is designed to accelerate scientific discovery
and progress by accelerating the sharing of scientific knowledge. Through a multilateral
partnership, WorldWideScience.org enables anyone with internet access to launch a single-query
search of national scientific databases and portals in more than 70 countries. One interesting feature
is that it offers automatic translation, so users can have search results translated into their preferred
language.

WWS implements federated searching to provide its coverage of global science and research results.
Federated searching technology allows the information patron to search multiple data sources
with a single query in real time. It provides simultaneous access to “deep web” scientific databases,
which are typically not searchable by commercial search engines. In June 2010, WorldWideScience
implemented multilingual translations capabilities. Using Microsoft’s Bing Translator, Multilingual
WorldWideScience offers users the ability to search across databases in ten languages and then have
the results translated into their preferred language. “One to many” and “many to one” machine
translations can be performed for Arabic, Chinese, English, French, German, Japanese, Korean,
Portuguese, Russian, and Spanish.

Semantic Scholar

Semantic Scholar, publicly released in November 2015, is a project developed at the Allen Institute of
Artificial Intelligence (Seattle, Washington, USA). It is designed to be an AI-backed search engine for
academic publications, essentially topping the traditional citation analysis by intelligent analysis. It is a

108 | University Grants Commission