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Evaluation Reformsaluation Reforms
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xiii. digitization of certificates and marksheets ( to avoid tampering and easy retrieval),
xiv. certificate authentication system,
xv. Submission of various other applications through online system.
The above will lead to conduct of functions of the examination system in an efficient and
transparent manner and timely availability of information to students.
On-Demand Examination:
On-Demand Examination may provide flexibility to the students, especially those enrolled
under open and distance education mode. This system works on the principle of flexibility
where assessment can take place when the learner consider themselves ready to appear. Thus
readiness depends on learner and not on the institutions. An advantage of this system may result
in reduced number of failures in examination, reduced, mal-practices in examination etc.
To facilitate the system of on-demand examination, a large question bank needs to be developed
to generate different sets of question papers with the same level of difficulty. The question bank
may contain various types of questions such as multiple choice questions, short questions, long
questions so as to test skill knowledge and application.
Evaluation Reforms in Higher Educational Institutions 43
