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Based on Scopus database, SNIP attempts to measures contextual citation impact by weighing
citations based on the total number of citations in a subject field and corrects subject-specific
characteristics, simplifying cross-discipline comparisons between journals. Similarly, SCImago
Journal Rank Indicator (SJR) measures the scientific prestige of the average article in a journal.
Both SNIP and SJR use three years window for taking into account the published papers in the
Scopus database.

The citation-based metrics for journals can easily be extended to authors. h-index is the most widely
known author-level index and is a very widely used criterion as a proxy for author’s academic
achievements in the research domain. The index is defined as the number (h) of author’s research
papers, which have been cited at least the same number (h) of times. Along with the h-index, there are
indices such as i10, g-index, among others, which have become popular.

In recent times, authors and scholars are increasingly using a basket of tools, usually referred to as
Altmetrics, which supposedly captures a holistic picture of how one’s research is perceived by society
at large. These new tools can be used by individual researchers, departments, institutions, and
publishers. In addition to citations, Altmetrics can include tweets, comments, shares or links, readers,
subscribers, followers, downloads, clicks or views, saves, bookmarks, and favourites. The Altmetric
Attention Score is presented within a colourful donut, each colour indicates a different source of
online attention. These metrics have also led to the creation of unique research identities, facilitated
by the websites ResearcherID.com and ORCID.org.

References

Garfield, E. 1955. Citation Indexes for Science: A New Dimension in Documentation through
Association of Ideas. Science Vol:122 July 15 (3159): 108–111.

Garfield, E. 1979. Its Theory and Application in Science, Technology, and Humanities. New York: John
Wiley and Sons.
Egghe, Leo. 2006. Theory and Practise of the g-index. Scientometrics. 69 (1): 131–152.

Hirsch, J.E. 2005. An Index to Quantify Individual’s Scientific Output. PNAS 102: 42 16569–16572.

Suggested Readings

Adie, E., and W. Roe. 2013. Altmetric: Enriching scholarly content with article-level discussion and
metrics. Learned Publishing 26 (1): 11–17.
Baykoucheva, Svetla, 2015. Managing Scientific Information and Research Data. by Science Direct.

Chaddah, P. and S.C. Lakhotia. 2018. A Policy Statement on Dissemination and Evaluation of
Research Output in India. Proc. INSA 84 No. 2 June: 319–329.
Chakraborty, S., J. Gowrishankar, A. Joshi, P. Kannan, R. K. Kohli, S. C. Lakhotia, G. Misra, C. M.
Nautiyal, K. Ramasubramanian, N. Sathyamurthy and A. K. Singhvi. 2020. In Summary for the
Month. NASI, April 2020.

Das, A.K. 2015. Research Evaluation Metrics. UNESCO.

Reitz, Joan M. 2013. Online Dictionary for Library and Information Science: http://www.abc-clio.
com/ODLIS/searchODLIS.aspx.

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