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•    Journal  titles  simultaneously  combine  two  or  more  subjects  or  disciplines,  which  may  not
                   necessarily be specific to the journal.
              •    No contact details of publisher and editor are provided.

              •    False locations of the offices of the publisher and editor/s are given.
              •    Lack of information on the editorial board members.
              •    Lack of information about the frequency of periodicals/Journals/Serials.
              •    Fraudulent or improper use of ISSNs and logos of standard publishers.

              •    Many editors are unaware of the inclusion of their names on editorial boards.


              Contents of the Journals

              Articles in such journals are characterized by:

              •    Low quality

              •    Several typographical mistakes
              •    Plagiarised work
              •     Out of sync with the aims and scope of the journal

              •    Multidisciplinary — not committed to any single discipline.


              Lack of Standard Publishing Practices


              •    The peer review process is absent.
              •    Spam emails inviting articles are sent to authors.

              •    Attracting  academicians  to  serve  as  editorial  board  members/peer  reviewers  only  for
                   convenience or value addition.

              •    Articles are accepted only after the payment of submission charges.
              •    High acceptance rate.

              •    Lack of publication ethics, peer review, and retraction policy.
              •    Article submission guidelines are not given.

              •    Very quick turnaround time for acceptance and publication of articles.


              False Impact Factor and Indexing Databases

              •    False, non-existent, misrepresented Impact Factor   (IF)is generated.
                                                                 4
              •    Unscientific methodology for calculating the IF.
              •    The  IF  is  purchased  by  publishers  from  fraudulent  companies  like  Universal  Impact  Factor
                   (UIF), Global Impact Factor (GIF), etc. (More than 20 such companies exist to date).
              •    Journals  are  included  in  sub-standard  indexing  databases   on  a  payment  basis  (for  example,
                                                                          5
                   Index Copernicus).

              •    False claims of indexation of journals in world-recognized databases.







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